Lesson 01 - Introducing Computer Concepts

Objectives :

 What you going to learn in this lesson :

1.1Overview of Computer 

1.2 Components of Graphical User Interface

1.3 Desktop Icon and Components

1.4 Configuring Desktop Environment

We can define computer in several ways lets see few web definitions below.

•  An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program
• A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data information, and provides output in a useful format. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer )

Use Of Computer:

• Solve complicated mathematical problems.
• Process large amount of information without errors.
• Automate day to day transactions. Reduce number of people required to perform particular task.
• E-mail to people across the world.
• Play games.

Components of Computer:

• Monitor
• Keyboard
• System Unit
• Printer
• Mouse

Hardware Components of Computer

1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Processing Devices
4. Storage Devices

1.Input Devices

Input Devices enables a user to enter data into computer.

Ex:

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Web Cam
• Digital Camera
• Joystick
• Touch Pad
• Light Pen
• Microphone

2. Out Put Devices :

• Visual Display Unit ( VDU )
• Printer
• Plotters ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotter )
• Speakers
• Projectors

3. Processing Device:

Data that is input to computer is processed with the help of a processing device called the System Unit.

Component of the System Unit :

1. Central Processing Unit ( CPU )
2. Memory

Central Processing Unit : CPU also called processor. This is  the brain of a computer system. CPU Controls the operations of a computer system and executes all  introductions specified by a user.

CPU Comprises :

1. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit ( ALU )  -  Performs all of the calculations.
2. The Control Unit -  Controls the flow of data around the computer by sending out control signals.
3. Registers - Used to store data.

Memory: CPU also contain storage area when the data is stored before being actually processed by the CPU it Called as the Memory.

 How to measure memory :
Bit
Byte
Kilobyte ( KB )
Megabyte ( MB )
Gigabyte ( GB )
Terabyte ( TB )

Memory can be classified in the following two ways.

Random Access Memory ( RAM )
Read Only Memory ( ROM )

4. Storage Devices :

Storage devices are also called Secondary Memory of Auxiliary Memory.
Ex : Floppy Disk, Hard Disk, CD- Rom.

Introducing Software :

Software can be defined as set of programs that are are used to operate computer and relative devices.

Main categorises of computer of Software

1. Operating System Software 
2. Application Software

Operating System Software :  Act as interface between Software Application and various Input Devices

  Operating System Interface can be classified to two :

• Character User Interface ( CUI )
• Graphic User Interface ( GUI )

Application Software : Application Software is designed to perform a specified task according the user specification.

Ex : Word Processors, Spread Sheers, Data Base management System, Accounting Applications, Web Browser.

Prashes in the Software Development :

1. Analysis
2. Designing
3. Coding 
4. Testing 
5. Implementation

Software Versionning  : Every Software is associated with a version number when it released. It helps in releasing updated software with same name and different version number.

Factors Affecting The Performance of a Computer.

• CPU Speed
• Clock Speed
• Ram Size
• Hard Disk Speed

Type of Computer:

• Mainframe Computers
• Mini Computers
• Super Computers
• Personal Computers
• Laptop Computers
• Palmtop Computers

Introducing the Components of GUI

All application have user interface that functions as a link between the computer and user. GUI also called as GUI Environment.

Basic Elements of GUI

Icons
Windows
Menu
Dialog Box
Property Sheet

Sumiya. DNIIT, SCJP, Bsc ( Hons )
e-mail : sumiyalearns2you@gmail.com